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Silicon is a mature platform for quantum technology and has many advantages in the integration of defect quantum emitters. Recent experiments have shown that it is feasible to implement a single quantum emitter in silicon, which has great application prospects in quantum communication. The C center (CiOi0 defect) in silicon has a high electron spin state in the telecommunications L-band, which makes it possible to create scalable quantum emitters in silicon containing carbon and oxygen defects through CMOS compatible technology. However, due to a lack of understanding of electronic structural properties and the source of C-center emission, it cannot yet be regarded as a quantum bit. This study established a quantum optical protocol to initialize and read out the quantum states of electron spins, and implemented quantum memory by transferring quantum information from electron spins to neighboring 29Si nuclear spins.

Fig. 1 Geometric shape and electronic structure of defects in Si

A research team has identified the key zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters for defects and calculated the interactions between hyperfine and spin orbitals using first principles calculations. The author proposes a spin selective optical period for coherent manipulation and readout of triple electron spin states, which is suitable for optical detection of magnetic resonance measurements. This study explored the spin interaction of the C center in silicon and discovered the key zero field splitting values for electron spin quantum bit coherent operation. They determined the spin orbit coupling allowed by symmetry and revealed the coupled transitions between excited states. The results indicate that the C center in silicon is not only a single photon source for quantum communication in communication fibers, but also a spin state that can be optically read out in triplet states.

Fig. 2 Simulated photoluminescence spectrum

This study opens the door to some quantum technology applications that utilize this defect, such as low-temperature nanoscale sensing and quantum communication applications.

Fig. 3 Proposed Quantum Protocol: Quantum Protocol for C-Center ODMR. The red and blue arrows display fluorescence and phosphorescence, respectively. The blue dashed arrow highlights the main contribution of spin selective ISC to phosphorescence. The dashed line represents weak ISC to ground state. The orange line corresponds to coherent spin control using microwave excitation.

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